GEO_Primitive.h

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/*
 * PROPRIETARY INFORMATION.  This software is proprietary to
 * Side Effects Software Inc., and is not to be reproduced,
 * transmitted, or disclosed in any way without written permission.
 *
 * NAME:        Geometry Library (C++)
 *
 * COMMENTS:
 *      The className method is used for saving/loading so there should
 *        be no spaces in the name.
 *
 */

#pragma once

#ifndef __GEO_Primitive_H__
#define __GEO_Primitive_H__

#include "GEO_API.h"
#include <iosfwd>
#include <UT/UT_Matrix4.h>
#include <UT/UT_BoundingBox.h>
#include <UT/UT_BoundingSphere.h>
#include <GA/GA_Primitive.h>
#include "GEO_PrimType.h"

class GA_AttributeRefMap;
class GA_Detail;
class GA_PrimitiveWrangler;
class GEO_AttributeHandleList;
class GEO_ConvertParms;
class GEO_Detail;
class GEO_MetaPrim;
class GEO_Vertex;

template<typename T, bool B> class GA_EdgeT; 
using GA_Edge = GA_EdgeT<GA_Offset, false>;

SYS_DEPRECATED_PUSH_DISABLE()

class GEO_API GEO_Primitive : public GA_Primitive
{
protected:
    /// NOTE: The constructor should only be called from subclass
    ///       constructors.
    SYS_FORCE_INLINE
    GEO_Primitive(GA_Detail *d, GA_Offset offset = GA_INVALID_OFFSET)
        : GA_Primitive(*d, offset)
    {}

    /// NOTE: The destructor should only be called from subclass
    ///       destructors; only GEO_Detail::destroyStashed() should be
    ///       calling delete on GEO_Primitive pointers, and GEO_Detail
    ///       is a friend.
    ~GEO_Primitive() override {}

public:
    GA_PrimCompat::TypeMask getPrimitiveId() const override;

    /// Copy attribute data from the source primitive.  Also, copy over all the
    /// group membership information from the source primitive.
    void        copyAttributesAndGroups(const GEO_Primitive &src,
                                    bool copy_groups=true)
                {
                    copyAttributeData(src);
                    if (copy_groups)
                        copyGroupMembership(src);
                }
    void        copyAttributesAndGroups(const GEO_Primitive &src,
                                    GA_AttributeRefMap &gah,
                                    bool copy_groups=true)
                {
                    copyAttributeData(src, gah);
                    if (copy_groups)
                        copyGroupMembership(src);
                }
    /// NOTE: The copying of groups only works if src is in the same detail
    void        copyAttributesAndGroups(const GEO_Primitive &src,
                                    GA_PrimitiveWrangler &wrangler,
                                    bool copy_groups=true)
                {
                    copyAttributeData(src, wrangler);
                    if (copy_groups)
                        copyGroupMembership(src);
                }

    /// Copy the attribute data over from the source primitive.  Often you will
    /// want to call copyAttributesAndGroups() instead.
    void        copyAttributeData(const GEO_Primitive &src);
    void        copyAttributeData(const GEO_Primitive &src,
                                  GA_AttributeRefMap &gah);
    void        copyAttributeData(const GEO_Primitive &src,
                                  GA_PrimitiveWrangler &wrangler);

    void        copyAttributeValues(const GEO_Primitive &src,
                                    GA_PrimitiveWrangler &wrangler);

    /// Copy the group membership from the source primitive to the current
    /// primitive.  Both primitives must be in the same detail.
    void        copyGroupMembership(const GEO_Primitive &src);
            
    // NOTE: The point *indices* will be the same as in src.
    //       If this and src are in the same detail, this means that
    //       the point offsets will also be the same.  There must be
    //       sufficient points in this' detail.
    // NOTE: To remap the points, you can iterate through the vertices
    //       of the primitive after copying, and call getPointOffset
    //       and setPointOffset.
    //
    // copyPrimitive(), unlike copy(), will not copy the primitive attributes.
    // (see copyAttributeData() or copyAttributesAndGroups()).
#if GA_PRIMITIVE_VERTEXLIST
    virtual void copyPrimitive(const GEO_Primitive *src);
#else
    virtual void         copyPrimitive(const GEO_Primitive *src)=0;
#endif
    virtual GEO_Primitive *copy(int preserve_shared_pts = 0) const;

    // Transforms the matrix associated with this primitive.  The
    // translate component is ignored: Translate the vertices of
    // the primitive to translate the primitive.
    // This only works with quadrics (sphere, tube, metaballs) and volumes.
    virtual void         transform(const UT_Matrix4 &);

    // Convert the real domain values of the primitive to unit values to be
    // used in the evaluation methods below:
    virtual void         realToUnitPair(float  ureal, float  vreal,
                                        float &uunit, float &vunit) const;

    // Convert the unit values of the primitive to the real domain values
    virtual void         unitToRealPair(float  uunit, float  vunit,
                                        float &ureal, float &vreal) const;

    // Map the normalized length (distance value [0,1]) parameter to the unit 
    // parameterization of the primitve
    virtual void         unitLengthToUnitPair(float  ulength, float  vlength,
                                              float &uparm,  float &vparm)const;
    virtual void         unitLengthToUnitPair(float  ulength, float  vlength,
                                              float &uparm,  float &vparm, float tolerance)const;

    virtual void         unitToUnitLengthPair(float  uparm,   float  vparm,
                                              float &ulength, float &vlength)
                                                                        const;

    // Evaluate a set of attributes at the bary center of the primitive,
    // returning true on success, false on failure.
    bool         evaluateBaryCenter(GA_Offset result_vtx, 
                                    GA_AttributeRefMap &map) const
                 { return evaluateBaryCenterRefMap(result_vtx, map); }
 
    // Evaluate a set of attributes at a u,v position.  Optionally, evaluate
    // the derivative in the u or v direction.
    // The method returns true if the point could be evaluated
    bool         evaluatePoint(GA_Offset result_vtx,
                                GA_AttributeRefMap &map,
                                fpreal u, fpreal v=0,
                                uint du=0, uint dv=0) const
                 { return evaluatePointRefMap(result_vtx, map, u, v, du, dv); }
   
    // Evaluate the position, the derivative or the normal at domain point
    // (u,v), where u and v MUST be in [0,1]. "v" and "dv" will be ignored
    // when dealing with one-dimensional types such as circles and polygons.
    // Return 0 if OK and -1 otherwise. The normal is not normalized.
    int          evaluatePoint( UT_Vector4 &pos, float u, float v = 0,
                                        unsigned du=0, unsigned dv=0) const
                                        { return evaluatePointV4(pos, u, v, du, dv); }

    virtual int          evaluateNormalVector(UT_Vector3 &nml, float u,
                                        float v = 0, float w = 0) const;
    
    // Evaluate the position at domain point (u,v) in the interior of the
    // geometry.  This calls evaluatePoint by default, but has a different
    // implementation for triangles and quadrilaterals, where barycentric
    // coords or bilinear interpolants are used to get an interior point,
    // rather than a point on the perimeter of the poly.  This was added
    // so particles can stick to triangles and quads.
    bool            evaluateInteriorPoint(GA_Offset result_vtx,
                                        GA_AttributeRefMap &map,
                                        fpreal u, fpreal v, fpreal w = 0) const
                            { return evaluateInteriorPointRefMap(
                                        result_vtx, map, u, v, w); }
    int             evaluateInteriorPoint(UT_Vector4 &pos, 
                                       fpreal u, fpreal v, fpreal w = 0) const
                            { return evaluateInteriorPointV4(pos, u, v, w); }


    /// Finds the weightings of the vertices that will compute an interior
    /// point given the u,v,w coordinates.  The offsets are into the gdp's 
    /// vertex list, not indices into this primitive's vertex list.
    /// Weights are normalized.
    /// Note this cannot be used to recover the Position as it often has
    /// special case logic (as in spheres, or rational splines), in those
    /// cases use evaluateInteriorPoint(UT_Vector4 &pos, ...)
    /// It has the advantage over the other evaluateInteriorPoints in that
    /// it allows you to avoid creating any temporary vertices.
    /// Behaviour for non-sublcassed types is to return the 0th vertex.
    virtual void computeInteriorPointWeights(
                    UT_Array<GA_Offset> &vtxlist,
                    UT_Array<float> &weightlist,
                    fpreal u, fpreal v, fpreal w) const;

    SYS_FORCE_INLINE GEO_Detail         *getParent() const
    { 
        // We cannot do a static_cast because we have only forward
        // declared GEO_Detail and GA_Detail
        return reinterpret_cast<GEO_Detail *>(&getDetail()); 
    }
    static GA_PrimCompat::TypeMask       getPrimitiveMaskH9(const char *maskstr);

    /// Compute the bounding box of the primitive.  Return 0 if unable to
    /// compute bounds (1 on successful computation).
    /// This function should always initialize bbox, even if returning false,
    /// in which case, the bbox->isValid() may be false, representing an
    /// empty bounding box.
    /// This function should also not use any initial value of bbox,
    /// so it does not need to be initialized beforehand.
    virtual bool         getBBox(UT_BoundingBox *bbox) const = 0;

    /// Compute the bounding box of the VISIBLE parts of the primitive.
    /// Default implementation delegates to getBBox(). Override this in
    /// subclasses for special handling.
    ///
    /// This function should always initialize bbox, even if returning false,
    /// in which case, the bbox->isValid() may be false, representing an
    /// empty bounding box.
    /// This function should also not use any initial value of bbox,
    /// so it does not need to be initialized beforehand.
    virtual bool         getVisibleBBox(UT_BoundingBox *bbox) const;

    /// @{
    /// If the attribute is "P" the base-class will call getBBox()
    bool                 enlargeBoundingBox(
                                UT_BoundingRect &b,
                                const GA_Attribute *p) const override;
    bool                 enlargeBoundingBox(
                                UT_BoundingBox &b,
                                const GA_Attribute *p) const override;
    /// @}

    /// Enlarge a bounding box by the visible bounding box of the primitive.
    ///
    /// A return value of false indicates an error in the operation, most
    /// likely an invalid P.  By default, it merely calls enlargeBoundingBox()
    bool                 enlargeVisibleBoundingBox(
                                UT_BoundingBox &b,
                                const GA_Attribute *P) const override;

    /// Return a normal vector for the primitive
    virtual UT_Vector3   computeNormal() const = 0;
    virtual UT_Vector3D  computeNormalD() const = 0;

    /// Reverse the order of vertices
    void                 reverse() override = 0;

    /// Return the center of the primitive.  This defaults to the center of the
    /// bounding box.  A better approximation might be the average value of the
    /// vertex positions (which could be different).
    virtual UT_Vector3   baryCenter() const;
    virtual UT_Vector3D  baryCenterD() const;
    template <typename T> 
    UT_Vector3T<T>       baryCenterT() const
    { 
        if constexpr(std::is_same<T, float>::value)
            return baryCenter();
        else
            return baryCenterD();
    }

    /// Enlarge the bounding sphere with the primitive's bounds.
    /// By default, this will enlarge the bounding sphere by the primitive's
    /// bounding box (i.e. getBBox()).  It may be possible to have a tighter
    /// bound (i.e. the vertex hull for many primitives is a much better
    /// metric).
    virtual void         addToBSphere(UT_BoundingSphere *bsphere) const;

    /// Method to isolate a pasted surface
    virtual void         isolate() { /* No implementation here. */ }

    // Take the whole set of points into consideration when applying the
    // point removal operation to this primitive. The method returns 0 if
    // successful, -1 if it failed because it would have become degenerate,
    // and -2 if it failed because it would have had to remove the primitive
    // altogether.
    virtual int          detachPoints (GA_PointGroup &grp) = 0;

    bool                 hasEdge(const GA_Edge &edge) const override;

    /// These functions are only implemented to get guide points/edges
    /// for spheres, tubes, and circles.  The ID meaning is type-specific.
    /// @{
    virtual bool         hasGuideEdge(int edgeid, UT_Vector3 &a,
                                                  UT_Vector3 &b) const;
    virtual bool         hasXsectPoint(int pointid, UT_Vector3 &p) const; 
    /// @}

    /// Apply the function to each vertex of the primitive.  Break
    /// when the function returns true.  Return the value
    /// of the last function applied (false if never called).
#if !GA_PRIMITIVE_VERTEXLIST
    virtual bool         vertexApply(bool (*apply)(GA_Offset vtx, void *),
                                     void  *data = 0) const;
#endif

    SYS_DEPRECATED_HDK(13.0)
    GEO_Vertex           getVertexElement(GA_Size i) const;

//
//  Method to get the tessera data for meta-primitives
    virtual GEO_MetaPrim        *castToMetaPrim();
    virtual const GEO_MetaPrim  *castToMetaPrim() const;

    // Return the surrounding values of the real-space u,v parameters.
    // Returns 1 if succesful, 0 if out-of-range.

    virtual int          parametricBBox(float u, float v, 
                                        float *u0, float *u1,
                                        float *v0, float *v1);

    // Returns distance between two points in parameter space, aware
    // of any possible wrapping.
    virtual float        uvDist(float u1, float v1, float u2, float v2) const;

    // Intersects a ray with the bounding box, iteratively growing it until
    // an intersection is found or maxtries is reached.
    int                  bboxIntersectRay(const UT_Vector3 &rayorig,
                                          const UT_Vector3 &raydir,
                                          int   maxtries = 10,
                                          float tmax = 1E17F,
                                          float *distance = 0,
                                          UT_Vector3 *nml=0) const;

    /// @{
    /// If the method isn't known, or doesn't make sense, we return 0.
    fpreal               calcVolume(const UT_Vector3 &) const override
                            { return 0; }
    fpreal               calcArea() const override { return 0; }
    fpreal               calcPerimeter() const override { return 0; }
    /// @}

    // Is this primitive a GEO_Quadric?
    virtual bool         isQuadric() const { return false; }

    // Compute normals on points using a subclass of NormalComp.  This
    // class receives the point offset and vertex normal at that point, and
    // will either add or subtract the normal from the existing data.
    template <typename T>
    class NormalCompT {
    public:
        virtual ~NormalCompT() {}
        virtual void    add(GA_Offset offset, const UT_Vector3T<T> &nml) {}
        virtual void    sub(GA_Offset offset, const UT_Vector3T<T> &nml) {}
    };

    // Compute point normals into an array, indexed by the point order
    // number
    template <typename T>
    class NormalCompArrayT : public NormalCompT<T> {
    public:
        NormalCompArrayT(const GA_Detail &gdp, UT_ValArray<UT_Vector3T<T>> &output)
            : myGdp(gdp)
            , myOutput(output) {}
        void add(GA_Offset offset, const UT_Vector3T<T> &nml) override
        { myOutput(myGdp.pointIndex(offset)) += nml; }
        void sub(GA_Offset offset, const UT_Vector3T<T> &nml) override
        { myOutput(myGdp.pointIndex(offset)) -= nml; }

    private:
        const GA_Detail &myGdp;
        UT_ValArray<UT_Vector3T<T>>     &myOutput;
    };

    // Compute normals into a normal attribute
    template <typename T>
    class NormalCompAttrT : public NormalCompT<T> {
    public:
        NormalCompAttrT(const GA_RWAttributeRef &attr)
            : myHandle(attr.getAttribute()) {}
        NormalCompAttrT(const GA_RWHandleT<UT_Vector3T<T>> &attr)
            : myHandle(attr) {}
        void add(GA_Offset offset, const UT_Vector3T<T> &nml) override
        { myHandle.add(offset, nml); }
        void sub(GA_Offset offset, const UT_Vector3T<T> &nml) override
        { myHandle.add(offset, -nml); }

        GA_RWHandleT<UT_Vector3T<T>>    &getHandle()    { return myHandle; }

    protected:
        GA_RWHandleT<UT_Vector3T<T>> myHandle;
    };

    // Compute normals into a normal attribute
    template <typename T>
    class NormalCompBufferedT : public NormalCompT<T>
    {
    public:
        NormalCompBufferedT(NormalCompT<T> &parent, UT_Lock &lock)
            : myParent(parent)
            , myLock(lock)
            , myBufferEntries(0)
        {}
        ~NormalCompBufferedT() override
        {
            flush();
        }
        void add(GA_Offset offset, const UT_Vector3T<T> &nml) override
        {
            myOffsetBuffer[myBufferEntries] = offset;
            myDataBuffer[myBufferEntries] = nml;
            ++myBufferEntries;
            if (myBufferEntries == theBufferSize)
                flush();
        }

        void sub(GA_Offset offset, const UT_Vector3T<T> &nml) override
        {
            myOffsetBuffer[myBufferEntries] = offset;
            myDataBuffer[myBufferEntries] = -nml;
            ++myBufferEntries;
            if (myBufferEntries == theBufferSize)
                flush();
        }

        void flush()
        {
            UT_AutoLock lock(myLock);
            for (GA_Size i = 0; i < myBufferEntries; ++i)
            {
                myParent.add(myOffsetBuffer[i], myDataBuffer[i]);
            }
            myBufferEntries = 0;
        }

    private:
        static const GA_Size     theBufferSize = 1024;

        NormalCompT<T>          &myParent;
        UT_Lock                 &myLock;
        GA_Size                  myBufferEntries;
        GA_Offset                myOffsetBuffer[theBufferSize];
        UT_Vector3T<T>           myDataBuffer[theBufferSize];
    };

    using NormalComp = NormalCompT<float>;
    using NormalCompArray = NormalCompArrayT<float>;
    using NormalCompAttr = NormalCompAttrT<float>;
    using NormalCompBuffered = NormalCompBufferedT<float>;

    using NormalCompD = NormalCompT<double>;
    using NormalCompArrayD = NormalCompArrayT<double>;
    using NormalCompAttrD = NormalCompAttrT<double>;
    using NormalCompBufferedD = NormalCompBufferedT<double>;

    virtual void        normal(NormalComp &output) const = 0;
    virtual void        normal(NormalCompD &output) const = 0;

    // Conversion Methods

    // This method converts the primitive to the specified toType and deletes
    // the old primitive. 

    virtual GEO_Primitive       *convert(GEO_ConvertParms &parms,
                                         GA_PointGroup *usedpts = 0) = 0;

    // This method creates a new primitive by converting the old primitive to 
    // the specified toType.

    virtual GEO_Primitive       *convertNew(GEO_ConvertParms &parms) = 0;

    // The default implementation just checks the bounding box and
    // deletes the primitive if the bounding box is beyond the plane.
    // NOTE: normal should be normalized
    virtual void        clip(UT_Vector3 normal, float distance = 0,
                                GA_PrimitiveGroup *clipgrp = NULL);

    // The default implementation just intersects against the bounding box
    virtual int         intersectRay(const UT_Vector3 &o, const UT_Vector3 &d,
                                float tmax = 1E17F, float tol = 1E-12F,
                                float *distance = 0, UT_Vector3 *pos = 0,
                                UT_Vector3 *nml = 0, int accurate = 0,
                                float *u = 0, float *v = 0,
                                int ignoretrim = 1) const;


    /// Convience objects to pass as arguments to saveH9()/loadH9().
    static const UT_Array<GA_AttribSaveDataH9> &theEmptySaveAttribs;

protected:
    /// All subclasses should call this method to register the primitive
    /// intrinsics.
    /// @see GA_IntrinsicManager
    static GA_IntrinsicManager::Registrar
                registerIntrinsics(GA_PrimitiveDefinition &defn)
                        { return GA_Primitive::registerIntrinsics(defn); }

    virtual bool         evaluatePointRefMap(GA_Offset result_vtx,
                                        GA_AttributeRefMap &map,
                                        fpreal u, fpreal v=0,
                                        uint du=0, uint dv=0) const = 0;
   
    /// Evaluate the position for the given parametric coordinates (with the
    /// given derivatives).  Return 0 if successful, or -1 if failure.
    /// The default implementation returns {0,0,0,0};
    virtual int          evaluatePointV4( UT_Vector4 &pos, float u, float v = 0,
                                        unsigned du=0, unsigned dv=0) const;

    /// By default, this will call evaluateInteriorPointRefMap with u=.5 and
    /// v=.5.  This is likely not the perfect solution.  At the current time,
    /// this is only used in POPs to birth points at primitive centers.
    virtual bool         evaluateBaryCenterRefMap(GA_Offset result_vtx, 
                                    GA_AttributeRefMap &map) const;

    virtual bool         evaluateInteriorPointRefMap(GA_Offset result_vtx,
                                        GA_AttributeRefMap &map,
                                        fpreal u, fpreal v, fpreal w = 0) const;
    virtual int          evaluateInteriorPointV4(UT_Vector4 &pos, 
                                       fpreal u, fpreal v, fpreal w = 0) const;

private:
    friend class         GEO_Detail;    // Allow detail to get at private stuff

    // TODO: Eliminate, deprecate, or switch to saving json format.
    friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const GEO_Primitive &d)
                        {
                            d.saveH9(os, /*binary*/false,
                                     GEO_Primitive::theEmptySaveAttribs,
                                     GEO_Primitive::theEmptySaveAttribs);
                            return os;
                        }
};

SYS_DEPRECATED_POP_DISABLE()

#endif