Moin,
welcome to Houdini!
Please do read the documentation and take a walk through the huge number of video tutorials available for Houdini. A good part of your questions is “FAQ” and you should be able to find extensive responses for those by simply googling.
> 1) Where do I look in the menu to access the Render Settings?
> 2) How do I set Renderman RIS as my default renderer?
Render “settings” depend on the render engine you use. Start here:
http://www.sidefx.com/docs/houdini/render/render [
sidefx.com]
> 3) Can Houdini correct visible displacement UV seams? If so, then how do I do that?
That depends on what you are doing. If the displacement map has been created correctly, i.e. the values match “over seam boundaries” AND if you have some “bleed” added to the displacement map, you should not get seams in the first place.
> So what would be the best approach to incorporating this content into Houdini without losing their functionality?
That depends on what you want to do in the end. Rigging is, still, a very much platform dependent thing. There's not “use this Rig there”-button. If you want to do platform-independent rigging, you need to use platform-independent rigging systems, which in themselves are, well, platforms.
What you can do is “bake” animations, bring them over as Alembic or FBX, add effects, bake the effects and bring those back to your animation system. Obviously you have to repeat that if you change the animation after the fact.
“Pipelining” … is still not easy.
> 5) Does Houdini include an animation tool that uses audio files to produce auto-lip-sync animation for facial rigs?
I'd say: The answer you need to read is “no”, because there is no “out of the box Houdini face rig”, which would be required for a “shelf” tool to lip sync.
There are several possible approaches to create a lip-sync-system for Houdini. But those require a fair bit of development work on your side, so - no, what you ask there is not available in Houdini. That is something for “end user rigs”, where you have a fixed rig for characters and a tied-in workflow for facial animation.
> 6) Would it be alright to request educational material on the topic for this website?
Asking for tutorials on NPR shading is always welcome, since this is one of my favorite topics as well

The examples you linked actually *are* well documented. Guilty GearXRD for example uses a neat trick of aligning all UV map boundaries to x/y axis, allowing for boundary lines to be thickened or thinned without loosing resolution. Google for Guilty Gear …
> 7) When modeling inside of Maya, I use the “Edge Ring Utilities” quite a bit by hitting the ctrl-right/mouse/buttons to access the menu. If I wanted to do the same thing in Houdini, then what would the short-cut keys be for the command?
I have no idea of Maya, but googling for what you asked brings up this suggestion: Go to edge selection mode (mouse over 3d viewport, press “s” for selection, “3” for edges). Select the edge in question and use one of the options from the right mouse button menu or one of the shortcuts listed there.
> 8) When using the follow path animation tool, how easily can I control the object's starting position and the way an object moves along the path?
Quite easily. Although “move along the path” is not the same as “do not move along the path”. Houdini is “procedural”, so you have full control over everything, including deviations from given values.
Marc