PointGroup.h

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/// @author Dan Bailey
///
/// @file points/PointGroup.h
///
/// @brief  Point group manipulation in a VDB Point Grid.

#ifndef OPENVDB_POINTS_POINT_GROUP_HAS_BEEN_INCLUDED
#define OPENVDB_POINTS_POINT_GROUP_HAS_BEEN_INCLUDED

#include <openvdb/openvdb.h>

#include "IndexIterator.h" // FilterTraits
#include "IndexFilter.h" // FilterTraits
#include "AttributeSet.h"
#include "PointDataGrid.h"
#include "PointAttribute.h"
#include "PointCount.h"

#include <tbb/parallel_reduce.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <random>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

namespace openvdb {
OPENVDB_USE_VERSION_NAMESPACE
namespace OPENVDB_VERSION_NAME {
namespace points {

/// @brief Delete any group that is not present in the Descriptor.
///
/// @param groups        the vector of group names.
/// @param descriptor    the descriptor that holds the group map.
inline void deleteMissingPointGroups(   std::vector<std::string>& groups,
                                        const AttributeSet::Descriptor& descriptor);

/// @brief Appends a new empty group to the VDB tree.
///
/// @param tree          the PointDataTree to be appended to.
/// @param group         name of the new group.
template <typename PointDataTree>
inline void appendGroup(PointDataTree& tree,
                        const Name& group);

/// @brief Appends new empty groups to the VDB tree.
///
/// @param tree          the PointDataTree to be appended to.
/// @param groups        names of the new groups.
template <typename PointDataTree>
inline void appendGroups(PointDataTree& tree,
                         const std::vector<Name>& groups);

/// @brief Drops an existing group from the VDB tree.
///
/// @param tree          the PointDataTree to be dropped from.
/// @param group         name of the group.
/// @param compact       compact attributes if possible to reduce memory - if dropping
///                      more than one group, compacting once at the end will be faster
template <typename PointDataTree>
inline void dropGroup(  PointDataTree& tree,
                        const Name& group,
                        const bool compact = true);

/// @brief Drops existing groups from the VDB tree, the tree is compacted after dropping.
///
/// @param tree          the PointDataTree to be dropped from.
/// @param groups        names of the groups.
template <typename PointDataTree>
inline void dropGroups( PointDataTree& tree,
                        const std::vector<Name>& groups);

/// @brief Drops all existing groups from the VDB tree, the tree is compacted after dropping.
///
/// @param tree          the PointDataTree to be dropped from.
template <typename PointDataTree>
inline void dropGroups( PointDataTree& tree);

/// @brief Compacts existing groups of a VDB Tree to use less memory if possible.
///
/// @param tree          the PointDataTree to be compacted.
template <typename PointDataTree>
inline void compactGroups(PointDataTree& tree);

/// @brief Sets group membership from a PointIndexTree-ordered vector.
///
/// @param tree          the PointDataTree.
/// @param indexTree     the PointIndexTree.
/// @param membership    @c 1 if the point is in the group, 0 otherwise.
/// @param group         the name of the group.
/// @param remove        if @c true also perform removal of points from the group.
///
/// @note vector<bool> is not thread-safe on concurrent write, so use vector<short> instead
template <typename PointDataTree, typename PointIndexTree>
inline void setGroup(   PointDataTree& tree,
                        const PointIndexTree& indexTree,
                        const std::vector<short>& membership,
                        const Name& group,
                        const bool remove = false);

/// @brief Sets membership for the specified group for all points (on/off).
///
/// @param tree         the PointDataTree.
/// @param group        the name of the group.
/// @param member       true / false for membership of the group.
template <typename PointDataTree>
inline void setGroup(   PointDataTree& tree,
                        const Name& group,
                        const bool member = true);

/// @brief Sets group membership based on a provided filter.
///
/// @param tree     the PointDataTree.
/// @param group    the name of the group.
/// @param filter   filter data that is used to create a per-leaf filter
template <typename PointDataTree, typename FilterT>
inline void setGroupByFilter(   PointDataTree& tree,
                                const Name& group,
                                const FilterT& filter);


////////////////////////////////////////


namespace point_group_internal {


/// Copy a group attribute value from one group offset to another
template<typename PointDataTreeType>
struct CopyGroupOp {

    using LeafManagerT  = typename tree::LeafManager<PointDataTreeType>;
    using LeafRangeT    = typename LeafManagerT::LeafRange;
    using GroupIndex    = AttributeSet::Descriptor::GroupIndex;

    CopyGroupOp(const GroupIndex& targetIndex,
                const GroupIndex& sourceIndex)
        : mTargetIndex(targetIndex)
        , mSourceIndex(sourceIndex) { }

    void operator()(const typename LeafManagerT::LeafRange& range) const {

        for (auto leaf = range.begin(); leaf; ++leaf) {

            GroupHandle sourceGroup = leaf->groupHandle(mSourceIndex);
            GroupWriteHandle targetGroup = leaf->groupWriteHandle(mTargetIndex);

            for (auto iter = leaf->beginIndexAll(); iter; ++iter) {
                const bool groupOn = sourceGroup.get(*iter);
                targetGroup.set(*iter, groupOn);
            }
        }
    }

    //////////

    const GroupIndex        mTargetIndex;
    const GroupIndex        mSourceIndex;
};


/// Set membership on or off for the specified group
template <typename PointDataTree, bool Member>
struct SetGroupOp
{
    using LeafManagerT  = typename tree::LeafManager<PointDataTree>;
    using GroupIndex    = AttributeSet::Descriptor::GroupIndex;

    SetGroupOp(const AttributeSet::Descriptor::GroupIndex& index)
        : mIndex(index) { }

    void operator()(const typename LeafManagerT::LeafRange& range) const
    {
        for (auto leaf = range.begin(); leaf; ++leaf) {

            // obtain the group attribute array

            GroupWriteHandle group(leaf->groupWriteHandle(mIndex));

            // set the group value

            group.collapse(Member);
        }
    }

    //////////

    const GroupIndex&       mIndex;
}; // struct SetGroupOp


template <typename PointDataTree, typename PointIndexTree, bool Remove>
struct SetGroupFromIndexOp
{
    using LeafManagerT          = typename tree::LeafManager<PointDataTree>;
    using LeafRangeT            = typename LeafManagerT::LeafRange;
    using PointIndexLeafNode    = typename PointIndexTree::LeafNodeType;
    using IndexArray            = typename PointIndexLeafNode::IndexArray;
    using GroupIndex            = AttributeSet::Descriptor::GroupIndex;
    using MembershipArray       = std::vector<short>;

    SetGroupFromIndexOp(const PointIndexTree& indexTree,
                        const MembershipArray& membership,
                        const GroupIndex& index)
        : mIndexTree(indexTree)
        , mMembership(membership)
        , mIndex(index) { }

    void operator()(const typename LeafManagerT::LeafRange& range) const
    {
        for (auto leaf = range.begin(); leaf; ++leaf) {

            // obtain the PointIndexLeafNode (using the origin of the current leaf)

            const PointIndexLeafNode* pointIndexLeaf = mIndexTree.probeConstLeaf(leaf->origin());

            if (!pointIndexLeaf)    continue;

            // obtain the group attribute array

            GroupWriteHandle group(leaf->groupWriteHandle(mIndex));

            // initialise the attribute storage

            Index64 index = 0;

            const IndexArray& indices = pointIndexLeaf->indices();

            for (const Index64 i: indices) {
                if (Remove) {
                    group.set(static_cast<Index>(index), mMembership[i]);
                } else if (mMembership[i] == short(1)) {
                    group.set(static_cast<Index>(index), short(1));
                }
                index++;
            }

            // attempt to compact the array

            group.compact();
        }
    }

    //////////

    const PointIndexTree& mIndexTree;
    const MembershipArray& mMembership;
    const GroupIndex& mIndex;
}; // struct SetGroupFromIndexOp


template <typename PointDataTree, typename FilterT, typename IterT = typename PointDataTree::LeafNodeType::ValueAllCIter>
struct SetGroupByFilterOp
{
    using LeafManagerT  = typename tree::LeafManager<PointDataTree>;
    using LeafRangeT    = typename LeafManagerT::LeafRange;
    using LeafNodeT     = typename PointDataTree::LeafNodeType;
    using GroupIndex    = AttributeSet::Descriptor::GroupIndex;

    SetGroupByFilterOp( const GroupIndex& index, const FilterT& filter)
        : mIndex(index)
        , mFilter(filter) { }

    void operator()(const typename LeafManagerT::LeafRange& range) const
    {
        for (auto leaf = range.begin(); leaf; ++leaf) {

            // obtain the group attribute array

            GroupWriteHandle group(leaf->groupWriteHandle(mIndex));

            auto iter = leaf->template beginIndex<IterT, FilterT>(mFilter);

            for (; iter; ++iter) {
                group.set(*iter, true);
            }

            // attempt to compact the array

            group.compact();
        }
    }

    //////////

    const GroupIndex& mIndex;
    const FilterT& mFilter; // beginIndex takes a copy of mFilter
}; // struct SetGroupByFilterOp


////////////////////////////////////////


/// Convenience class with methods for analyzing group data
class GroupInfo
{
public:
    using Descriptor = AttributeSet::Descriptor;

    GroupInfo(const AttributeSet& attributeSet)
        : mAttributeSet(attributeSet) { }

    /// Return the number of bits in a group (typically 8)
    static size_t groupBits() { return sizeof(GroupType) * CHAR_BIT; }

    /// Return the number of empty group slots which correlates to the number of groups
    /// that can be stored without increasing the number of group attribute arrays
    size_t unusedGroups() const
    {
        const Descriptor& descriptor = mAttributeSet.descriptor();

        // compute total slots (one slot per bit of the group attributes)

        const size_t groupAttributes = descriptor.count(GroupAttributeArray::attributeType());

        if (groupAttributes == 0)   return 0;

        const size_t totalSlots = groupAttributes * this->groupBits();

        // compute slots in use

        const AttributeSet::Descriptor::NameToPosMap& groupMap = mAttributeSet.descriptor().groupMap();
        const size_t usedSlots = groupMap.size();

        return totalSlots - usedSlots;
    }

    /// Return @c true if there are sufficient empty slots to allow compacting
    bool canCompactGroups() const
    {
        // can compact if more unused groups than in one group attribute array

        return this->unusedGroups() >= this->groupBits();
    }

    /// Return the next empty group slot
    size_t nextUnusedOffset() const
    {
        const Descriptor::NameToPosMap& groupMap = mAttributeSet.descriptor().groupMap();

        // build a list of group indices

        std::vector<size_t> indices;
        indices.reserve(groupMap.size());
        for (const auto& namePos : groupMap) {
            indices.push_back(namePos.second);
        }

        std::sort(indices.begin(), indices.end());

        // return first index not present

        size_t offset = 0;
        for (const size_t& index : indices) {
            if (index != offset)     break;
            offset++;
        }

        return offset;
    }

    /// Return vector of indices correlating to the group attribute arrays
    std::vector<size_t> populateGroupIndices() const
    {
        std::vector<size_t> indices;

        const Descriptor::NameToPosMap& map = mAttributeSet.descriptor().map();

        for (const auto& namePos : map) {
            const AttributeArray* array = mAttributeSet.getConst(namePos.first);
            if (isGroup(*array)) {
                indices.push_back(namePos.second);
            }
        }

        return indices;
    }

    /// Determine if a move is required to efficiently compact the data and store the
    /// source name, offset and the target offset in the input parameters
    bool requiresMove(Name& sourceName, size_t& sourceOffset, size_t& targetOffset) const {

        targetOffset = this->nextUnusedOffset();

        const Descriptor::NameToPosMap& groupMap = mAttributeSet.descriptor().groupMap();

        for (const auto& namePos : groupMap) {

            // move only required if source comes after the target

            if (namePos.second >= targetOffset) {
                sourceName = namePos.first;
                sourceOffset = namePos.second;
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

private:
    const AttributeSet& mAttributeSet;
}; // class GroupInfo


} // namespace point_group_internal


////////////////////////////////////////


inline void deleteMissingPointGroups(   std::vector<std::string>& groups,
                                        const AttributeSet::Descriptor& descriptor)
{
    for (auto it = groups.begin(); it != groups.end();) {
        if (!descriptor.hasGroup(*it))  it = groups.erase(it);
        else                            ++it;
    }
}


////////////////////////////////////////


template <typename PointDataTreeT>
inline void appendGroup(PointDataTreeT& tree, const Name& group)
{
    using point_group_internal::GroupInfo;

    if (group.empty()) {
        OPENVDB_THROW(KeyError, "Cannot use an empty group name as a key.");
    }

    auto iter = tree.cbeginLeaf();

    if (!iter)  return;

    const AttributeSet& attributeSet = iter->attributeSet();
    auto descriptor = attributeSet.descriptorPtr();
    GroupInfo groupInfo(attributeSet);

    // don't add if group already exists

    if (descriptor->hasGroup(group))    return;

    const bool hasUnusedGroup = groupInfo.unusedGroups() > 0;

    // add a new group attribute if there are no unused groups

    if (!hasUnusedGroup) {

        // find a new internal group name

        const Name groupName = descriptor->uniqueName("__group");

        descriptor = descriptor->duplicateAppend(groupName, GroupAttributeArray::attributeType());
        const size_t pos = descriptor->find(groupName);

        // insert new group attribute

        tree::LeafManager<PointDataTreeT> leafManager(tree);
        leafManager.foreach(
            [&](typename PointDataTreeT::LeafNodeType& leaf, size_t /*idx*/) {
                auto expected = leaf.attributeSet().descriptorPtr();
                leaf.appendAttribute(*expected, descriptor, pos);
            }, /*threaded=*/true
        );
    }
    else {
        // make the descriptor unique before we modify the group map

        makeDescriptorUnique(tree);
        descriptor = attributeSet.descriptorPtr();
    }

    // ensure that there are now available groups

    assert(groupInfo.unusedGroups() > 0);

    // find next unused offset

    const size_t offset = groupInfo.nextUnusedOffset();

    // add the group mapping to the descriptor

    descriptor->setGroup(group, offset);

    // if there was an unused group then we did not need to append a new attribute, so
    // we must manually clear membership in the new group as its bits may have been
    // previously set

    if (hasUnusedGroup)    setGroup(tree, group, false);
}


////////////////////////////////////////


template <typename PointDataTree>
inline void appendGroups(PointDataTree& tree,
                         const std::vector<Name>& groups)
{
    // TODO: could be more efficient by appending multiple groups at once
    // instead of one-by-one, however this is likely not that common a use case

    for (const Name& name : groups) {
        appendGroup(tree, name);
    }
}


////////////////////////////////////////


template <typename PointDataTree>
inline void dropGroup(PointDataTree& tree, const Name& group, const bool compact)
{
    using Descriptor = AttributeSet::Descriptor;

    if (group.empty()) {
        OPENVDB_THROW(KeyError, "Cannot use an empty group name as a key.");
    }

    auto iter = tree.cbeginLeaf();

    if (!iter)  return;

    const AttributeSet& attributeSet = iter->attributeSet();

    // make the descriptor unique before we modify the group map

    makeDescriptorUnique(tree);
    Descriptor::Ptr descriptor = attributeSet.descriptorPtr();

    // now drop the group

    descriptor->dropGroup(group);

    if (compact) {
        compactGroups(tree);
    }
}


////////////////////////////////////////


template <typename PointDataTree>
inline void dropGroups( PointDataTree& tree,
                        const std::vector<Name>& groups)
{
    for (const Name& name : groups) {
        dropGroup(tree, name, /*compact=*/false);
    }

    // compaction done once for efficiency

    compactGroups(tree);
}


////////////////////////////////////////


template <typename PointDataTree>
inline void dropGroups( PointDataTree& tree)
{
    using Descriptor = AttributeSet::Descriptor;

    using point_group_internal::GroupInfo;

    auto iter = tree.cbeginLeaf();

    if (!iter)  return;

    const AttributeSet& attributeSet = iter->attributeSet();
    GroupInfo groupInfo(attributeSet);

    // make the descriptor unique before we modify the group map

    makeDescriptorUnique(tree);
    Descriptor::Ptr descriptor = attributeSet.descriptorPtr();

    descriptor->clearGroups();

    // find all indices for group attribute arrays

    std::vector<size_t> indices = groupInfo.populateGroupIndices();

    // drop these attributes arrays

    dropAttributes(tree, indices);
}


////////////////////////////////////////


template <typename PointDataTree>
inline void compactGroups(PointDataTree& tree)
{
    using Descriptor = AttributeSet::Descriptor;
    using GroupIndex = Descriptor::GroupIndex;
    using LeafManagerT = typename tree::template LeafManager<PointDataTree>;

    using point_group_internal::CopyGroupOp;
    using point_group_internal::GroupInfo;

    auto iter = tree.cbeginLeaf();

    if (!iter)  return;

    const AttributeSet& attributeSet = iter->attributeSet();
    GroupInfo groupInfo(attributeSet);

    // early exit if not possible to compact

    if (!groupInfo.canCompactGroups())    return;

    // make the descriptor unique before we modify the group map

    makeDescriptorUnique(tree);
    Descriptor::Ptr descriptor = attributeSet.descriptorPtr();

    // generate a list of group offsets and move them (one-by-one)
    // TODO: improve this algorithm to move multiple groups per array at once
    // though this is likely not that common a use case

    Name sourceName;
    size_t sourceOffset, targetOffset;

    while (groupInfo.requiresMove(sourceName, sourceOffset, targetOffset)) {

        const GroupIndex sourceIndex = attributeSet.groupIndex(sourceOffset);
        const GroupIndex targetIndex = attributeSet.groupIndex(targetOffset);

        CopyGroupOp<PointDataTree> copy(targetIndex, sourceIndex);
        LeafManagerT leafManager(tree);
        tbb::parallel_for(leafManager.leafRange(), copy);

        descriptor->setGroup(sourceName, targetOffset);
    }

    // drop unused attribute arrays

    std::vector<size_t> indices = groupInfo.populateGroupIndices();

    const size_t totalAttributesToDrop = groupInfo.unusedGroups() / groupInfo.groupBits();

    assert(totalAttributesToDrop <= indices.size());

    std::vector<size_t> indicesToDrop(indices.end() - totalAttributesToDrop, indices.end());

    dropAttributes(tree, indicesToDrop);
}


////////////////////////////////////////


template <typename PointDataTree, typename PointIndexTree>
inline void setGroup(   PointDataTree& tree,
                        const PointIndexTree& indexTree,
                        const std::vector<short>& membership,
                        const Name& group,
                        const bool remove)
{
    using Descriptor    = AttributeSet::Descriptor;
    using LeafManagerT  = typename tree::template LeafManager<PointDataTree>;
    using point_group_internal::SetGroupFromIndexOp;

    auto iter = tree.cbeginLeaf();
    if (!iter)  return;

    const AttributeSet& attributeSet = iter->attributeSet();
    const Descriptor& descriptor = attributeSet.descriptor();

    if (!descriptor.hasGroup(group)) {
        OPENVDB_THROW(LookupError, "Group must exist on Tree before defining membership.");
    }

    {
        // Check that that the largest index in the PointIndexTree is smaller than the size
        // of the membership vector. The index tree will be used to lookup membership
        // values. If the index tree was constructed with nan positions, this index will
        // differ from the PointDataTree count

        using IndexTreeManager = tree::LeafManager<const PointIndexTree>;
        IndexTreeManager leafManager(indexTree);

        const int64_t max = tbb::parallel_reduce(leafManager.leafRange(), -1,
            [](const typename IndexTreeManager::LeafRange& range, int64_t value) -> int64_t {
                for (auto leaf = range.begin(); leaf; ++leaf) {
                    auto it = std::max_element(leaf->indices().begin(), leaf->indices().end());
                    value = std::max(value, static_cast<int64_t>(*it));
                }
                return value;
            },
            [](const int64_t a, const int64_t b) {
                return std::max(a, b);
            }
        );

        if (max != -1 && membership.size() <= static_cast<size_t>(max)) {
            OPENVDB_THROW(IndexError, "Group membership vector size must be larger than "
                " the maximum index within the provided index tree.");
        }
    }

    const Descriptor::GroupIndex index = attributeSet.groupIndex(group);
    LeafManagerT leafManager(tree);

    // set membership

    if (remove) {
        SetGroupFromIndexOp<PointDataTree, PointIndexTree, true>
            set(indexTree, membership, index);
        tbb::parallel_for(leafManager.leafRange(), set);
    }
    else {
        SetGroupFromIndexOp<PointDataTree, PointIndexTree, false>
            set(indexTree, membership, index);
        tbb::parallel_for(leafManager.leafRange(), set);
    }
}


////////////////////////////////////////


template <typename PointDataTree>
inline void setGroup(   PointDataTree& tree,
                        const Name& group,
                        const bool member)
{
    using Descriptor    = AttributeSet::Descriptor;
    using LeafManagerT  = typename tree::template LeafManager<PointDataTree>;

    using point_group_internal::SetGroupOp;

    auto iter = tree.cbeginLeaf();

    if (!iter)  return;

    const AttributeSet& attributeSet = iter->attributeSet();
    const Descriptor& descriptor = attributeSet.descriptor();

    if (!descriptor.hasGroup(group)) {
        OPENVDB_THROW(LookupError, "Group must exist on Tree before defining membership.");
    }

    const Descriptor::GroupIndex index = attributeSet.groupIndex(group);
    LeafManagerT leafManager(tree);

    // set membership based on member variable

    if (member)     tbb::parallel_for(leafManager.leafRange(), SetGroupOp<PointDataTree, true>(index));
    else            tbb::parallel_for(leafManager.leafRange(), SetGroupOp<PointDataTree, false>(index));
}


////////////////////////////////////////


template <typename PointDataTree, typename FilterT>
inline void setGroupByFilter(   PointDataTree& tree,
                                const Name& group,
                                const FilterT& filter)
{
    using Descriptor    = AttributeSet::Descriptor;
    using LeafManagerT  = typename tree::template LeafManager<PointDataTree>;

    using point_group_internal::SetGroupByFilterOp;

    auto iter = tree.cbeginLeaf();

    if (!iter)  return;

    const AttributeSet& attributeSet = iter->attributeSet();
    const Descriptor& descriptor = attributeSet.descriptor();

    if (!descriptor.hasGroup(group)) {
        OPENVDB_THROW(LookupError, "Group must exist on Tree before defining membership.");
    }

    const Descriptor::GroupIndex index = attributeSet.groupIndex(group);

    // set membership using filter

    SetGroupByFilterOp<PointDataTree, FilterT> set(index, filter);
    LeafManagerT leafManager(tree);

    tbb::parallel_for(leafManager.leafRange(), set);
}


////////////////////////////////////////


template <typename PointDataTree>
inline void setGroupByRandomTarget( PointDataTree& tree,
                                    const Name& group,
                                    const Index64 targetPoints,
                                    const unsigned int seed = 0)
{
    using RandomFilter = RandomLeafFilter<PointDataTree, std::mt19937>;

    RandomFilter filter(tree, targetPoints, seed);

    setGroupByFilter<PointDataTree, RandomFilter>(tree, group, filter);
}


////////////////////////////////////////


template <typename PointDataTree>
inline void setGroupByRandomPercentage( PointDataTree& tree,
                                        const Name& group,
                                        const float percentage = 10.0f,
                                        const unsigned int seed = 0)
{
    using RandomFilter =  RandomLeafFilter<PointDataTree, std::mt19937>;

    const int currentPoints = static_cast<int>(pointCount(tree));
    const int targetPoints = int(math::Round((percentage * float(currentPoints))/100.0f));

    RandomFilter filter(tree, targetPoints, seed);

    setGroupByFilter<PointDataTree, RandomFilter>(tree, group, filter);
}


////////////////////////////////////////


} // namespace points
} // namespace OPENVDB_VERSION_NAME
} // namespace openvdb


#endif // OPENVDB_POINTS_POINT_GROUP_HAS_BEEN_INCLUDED

// Copyright (c) DreamWorks Animation LLC
// All rights reserved. This software is distributed under the
// Mozilla Public License 2.0 ( http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/ )