Hi kurosaba, I'm not sure how your .usd file was authored, but when I bring it into the stage via a Sublayer or Reference LOP it does not show up in Vulkan/OGL, nor does it render with Karma (Houdini 21.0.596). However, when you append a SOP Modify and simply set it to unpack either your "MESH" Xform prim, or your "hair" mesh prim, everything shows up fine.
When I tried your idea, Viewport's render my usd. But, my USD Data broken. Because, jointIndices on SkeltonAPI changed type int to GfVec4i. Also, jointWeights on SkeltonAPI changed type float to GfVec4i.
Therefore, the referenced animation can't play.
Honestly, I don't know what caused it. If only I knew the cause, I will try to fix it myself... By the way, I created this USD data myself at Python.