@ is a special syntax for snippets to bind to an attribute it's not part of VEX language you can dive into Point Wrangle, RMB on attribvop1 inside and choose VEX/VOP Options/View VEX Code… to actually see the VEX code created from your snippet
if you are building your operators directly in VEX, then certain types of operators already have some Global Variables that may be bound to or return certain data like SOP type operator you mentioned, however you can't just use the same logic for custom attributes, as well I'm not sure if P or Cd or other would just work like that for CVEX operators, you would need to define them as operator function arguments